Learn step by step
Eight lessons lead from the central question through the Quran and manuscripts to practical application.
↗A learning section from CHRISTOlogisch
Understand the Islamic
dilemma and learn
to apply it.
The Quran affirms earlier revelation. Yet it contradicts central claims of the gospel. How can these fit together? Learn the argument, examine the evidence and answer the strongest objections.
8 Lessons53 Objections12 Forms of argument
Your starting point
Whether you are encountering the topic for the first time or preparing for a conversation, choose the path that suits you.
Think through objections
53 common and challenging objections, each with an answer, a necessary distinction and a focused follow-up question.
↗Prepare for a conversation
Brief summaries, sample dialogues and exercises help you argue clearly and respectfully.
↗The argument in one line of reasoning
Affirmation and contradiction
Surahs 5:43–48 and 5:68 speak positively of the Torah and the Gospel and assign them specific functions. At the same time, the transmitted Gospel tradition attests to Jesus' crucifixion and divine identity—claims that stand in tension with widespread Quranic interpretations.
Read more: Quran 5:43 · Quran 5:47 · Quran 5:48 · Quran 5:68 · John 19 · Jesus' crucifixion · John 1 and 20
Examine the same content
A contradiction follows if the Quran affirms a particular statement as divine truth while denying that very same statement. It is therefore not enough to contrast “the Bible” and “the Quran” in general terms: the identity, scope and meaning of the affirmation must be justified.
Understand the forms of argumentThree particularly important objections
Only the original Torah and the original Injīl are affirmed.
The appeal to original revelation explains its divine origin. It must also be explained what accessible content the Quranic appeals presupposed among the people of that time …
↗A special Torah or Gospel consistent with Islam existed in the Hijaz.
A distinctive local tradition is conceivable. However, no specific evidence is presented here for a Gospel that denies Jesus' crucifixion and divine status in the Quranic sense …
↗Muhaymin makes the Quran the corrector of earlier scriptures.
An authoritative role of examination and judgment is an attested Islamic interpretation of muhaymin. On 5:48, al-Ṭabarī transmits, alongside the language of witness and trustee, also the …
↗From knowledge to application
Go to practice Can you justify the next step?
Practise with concrete conversation scenarios. Each answer comes with an explanation.
Support CHRISTOlogisch
Does this learning area help you?
This learning area is available free of charge. Working with sources, developing the answers and designing it take time and money. If our work helps you, please prayerfully consider supporting CHRISTOlogisch with an amount of your choice.